The New Meaning Of Educational Change Essay - 1898 Words

According to Michael Fullan (2016) in his book, The New Meaning of Educational Change, successful organizations that demonstrate change followed principled concepts of change. The reason for their success if that there is tangible proof of alignment in keeping components of actions. Fullan (2016) stated that successful change incorporates five factors. In this essay, three of the five factors will be discussed and an example of an organization using components of the change be revealed. Often when organization shave to go through the process of change it means either they have gone through change to repair broken areas or they are going through change as a reflective exercise before embarking on a larger scope of practice perhaps to expand into new growth within their organization. In either course, the larger concern is that organizations must embrace change and engage in meaningful constructed ways to promote the best growth with the fewest steps to reach accomplishment. A key dec ision factor to change is whether an organize will change because they adopt a model and see a better way or whether they want to save their resources. Fullan (2016) suggested that the reason for the change is largely to work is because, the organizations, â€Å"Define closing the gap as the overarching goal,† â€Å"Assume that lack of capacity is the initial problem and then work on it continuously,† and â€Å"Stay the course through continuity of good direction by leveraging leadership,† (Fullan, 2016,Show MoreRelatedLiterature Review: Ideas of Social Justice and Equity in Psychology and Education1121 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Social change and social function has actually been concentrated largely on equity problems, although their working meanings, both implicit and specific, mirror a spectrum of meanings varying from easy activism around race, gender, and poverty, to more nuanced understandings of the effect of modern technology advancements, range, globalization, along with the eco-friendly environment. Literature review The ideas of social justice as well as equity have actually been considerable inRead MoreElliot W. Eisner : The Professor Of Art And Education1255 Words   |  6 Pages(Donald, 2014). He served as president of several organizations, such as American Educational Research Association, the National Art Education Association, the International Society for Education through Art and John Dewey Society. Description of theory Purpose Eisner, as a theorist, was more concentrated on educational evaluation. The ultimate purpose of evaluation in his mind is to improve the quality of educational life students lead (Eisner, 1976). To reach that objective, as Eisner said, â€Å"evaluatorsRead MoreJack Whitehead s Living Educational Theory Approach1294 Words   |  6 PagesJack whitehead’s living educational theory approach Jack Whitehead has been dedicated to an action research approach, â€Å"living educational theory†, for the past 30 years. Whitehead believes that education is a value-laden activity and refers to values as these qualities, which provide meaning and purpose to our personal and professional lives. He proposes that in asking questions such as â€Å"how do I improve what I am doing?† (Whitehead, 1989, 2005), practitioners could create their own theories by communicatingRead MorePlato s View On Education1585 Words   |  7 Pagespowerful weapon which you can use to change the world.† In addition, education is the gate to access to knowledge. Without education, human beings have no difference from the animals. Therefore, receiving a good education is a shortcut to success. Knowing the importance of education, Plato and Nietzche, two of the most influential philosophers and thinkers in the past, comment on education more precisely. They eagerly point out that what shou ld be a good educational system and many crucial improvementsRead MoreEducational Technology Theories and Theorists Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pageslearn and ready or not, technology is affecting education. Educational Technology Ever since the integration of educational technology there has been a dramatic shift in most of the paradigms on which traditional learning exists. The concept of incorporating technology with education is one that has gained widespread attention. Effective use of educational technology is critical to solving numerous educational challenges. Educational technology can help us meet the needs of a diverse learner populationRead MoreBusiness1053 Words   |  5 PagesREFLECTION FEEDBACK Definition Reflective learning is an understanding and a disposition that a student builds across the curriculum and co-curriculum, from making simple connections among ideas and experiences to synthesising and transferring learning to new, complex situations within and beyond the campus. Task The Critical Reflection offers students the opportunity to critically reflect on their learning experiences both in the course and across their program. Students are required to develop a 3000 wordRead MoreA Talk On The Paradox Of Education By James Baldwin809 Words   |  4 Pagesthat an educational system where students are taught the true meaning of American history and identity must be established in order to create a society where people of all races contribute their ideals to society. Moreover, Baldwin implements a paradox where he addresses the contradiction of American education as one having to think for oneself and create your own ideals while still having to conform to the ideals being taught at school in order to demonstrate that the educational system isRead MoreThe Essence Of Dialogue Is The Foundation Of Humanization994 Words   |  4 Pagesreveals two dimensions, action and reflection. Conjointly, when those two dimensions of dialogue are exposed within educational institutions, a world of caring, art, liberation, encounters, and transcendence begins to form the methods of authentic education. Thus, this process can empower an individual with the creative thoughts necessary to deconstruct, and rebuild, her/his meaning of education. As a result, education becomes like a bonding agent, which when experienced through the eyes of wondermentRead MoreUsing A Service Learning Approach For Teaching Geometry And Measurement894 Words   |  4 Pagesare rebe lling against the traditional â€Å"skills and drills† of educational practices by refusing to complete assignments and disengaging in classroom activities. This may be their way engaging in protest and if challenged to put their deliver their message via Snapchat or Instagram, I bet they would tell us that they are bored. The world is changing in the way that we communicate, and learn so we as educators need to be on par with and change the way we educate. As students get older and become moreRead MoreFor the most part, I have to agree with the critical theorists: learning barriers do exist. In1400 Words   |  6 Pagesquality educational experiences and have endless opportunities to continue educational learning opportunities. Demographic factors, such as age and sex can determine who qualifies for educational opportunities. While the government funds the education of our younger children, there is a limited amount of funding available for adults to advance their education. In their pursuit of the American dream, many less fortunate families do not have funds available to participate in educational experiences

Stem Cell Essay - 1310 Words

The logical history of foundational microorganism may be explored as it has unfolded in the course of recent years; and after this, it will swing to a thought of the political history of undifferentiated organism look into. There has been a relentless pattern of researchers progressively taking in the privileged insights of stem cells and having the capacity to apply their new learning to either look into potential medications or really convey powerful medicines to people. In 2001, Bush issued an official request that put huge limitations on government financing for undeveloped cell look into; and in 2009, Obama canceled this request with his very own request called Removing Barriers to Responsible Scientific Research involving Human†¦show more content†¦Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able to grow (i.e. differentiate) into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. In other words, they can develop into each of t he more than 200 cell types of the adult body as long as they are specified to do so. Embryonic stem cells are distinguished by two distinctive properties: their pluripotency, and their ability to replicate indefinitely. ES cells are pluripotent, that is, they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm (Science Daily). Amongst grown-up and embryonic undifferentiated cells, obviously embryonic undeveloped cell look into has far more noteworthy potential to be morally tricky than grown-up stem cells inquire about because of the distinction in convictions of individuals. Nonetheless, embryonic stem cells inquire about is largely considered to have the best potential for conveying restorative and logical achievements, since they are more manipulatable since they are not completely created and undifferentiated than grown-up foundational microorganisms. The embryonic undifferentiated organisms are helpful for therapeut ic and research purposes since they can create cells for practically every tissue in the body. This shows the the two separate ways researchers create stem cells on the right. On the left we see a timescale of theShow MoreRelatedStem Cells Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pageshas provided us with a hope for these diseases. This essay will address the issue of controversial research in stem cells. This technology offers hope to millions who are victims of a multitude of diseases and disorders. It can be used to regrow limbs, create organs, attack genetic diseases, treat malfunctioning bladders, etc. However, this same technology is also one of the most controversial debates in science today. If you type â€Å"stem cells research† into your Google search bar, you will most likelyRead MoreStem Cells Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells are used every day throughout the United States to help cure diseases and save lives. Stem cells can also be used to study labor defects so that future birth deficiencies can be prevented or reversed. Although as a college student starting a family may not be on your mind yet, it is always beneficial to educate yourself on current trends and new discoveries in stem cell research. Andres Travino and his wife were excited when their son Andy was born ten years ago. Andy prayed and hopedRead MoreStem Cell Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesInduced Pluripotent Stem Cells and their use in Cardiac Regeneration Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Ischemic heart disease, where the oxygen supply to the myocardium is restricted, is a common cause of an MI. Myocardial injury results in loss of cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells) due to apoptosis, and the development of necrotic myocardium, eventually leading to heart failure. The formation of the necrotic myocardium causesRead MoreStem Cell Essay1061 Words   |  5 Pagestreated with the use of embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are cells derived from the undifferentiated inner mass cells of human embryo. In simpler terms, these cells have the ability of developing into any of the two hundred different cell types in our bodies. Unlike most of the cells in our bodies, such as heart cells or skin cells, which conduct a specific function, a stem cell does not have a specific function until it is specialized (Hogan). A stem cell that is becoming specialized willRead More Stem Cells Es say1128 Words   |  5 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells â€Å"Embryonic stem cells...are in effect, a human self-repair kit,† (Christopher Reeve, activist – Larry King show). For the advancement of science, stem cells are infinitely valuable, especially when considering all the potential applications in the field of medicine. Stem cell usage is a very controversial topic, because most people think of abortions, cloning, and other negative topics when they hear the term stem cell. However I think those thoughts are because they don’tRead More Stem Cells Essay4600 Words   |  19 Pages Stem cells are a large focus of study in today’s biomedical world. They are cells that exist in an undifferentiated state, and transform into differing tissue types depending on what the cells surrounding them are. The different types of stem cells have the ability to repair many classes of damaged human tissue. However, only one type of stem cell promises to regenerate virtually any class of tissue. This is the highly controversial embryonic stem cell (ESC). Unfortunately, there is a dark sideRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells2760 Words   |  12 Pagesof the most recent advances in stem cell research. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells should be defined by their ability to renew themselves and diversify into other cell types. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are several readily accessible sources of stem cells. Strict criteria apply to the use of these sources in medical research. 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells have wide potential application in medicine. quot;Adultquot; stem cells have already been used in the worldsRead MoreStem Cell Research: The Benefits of Stem Cells Essay723 Words   |  3 Pagesextracted the adult stem cells from it and formed an osteoblast, which is a bone forming cell. Six months after the osteoblast was injected, it started forming new bone material which filled the gaps (NIH Stem Cells). Stem cells could be a genius way to treat many diseases and disorders and it should be supported by everyone. Stem cells get their name from the fact that they are basic cells that other cells develop from. They are capable of developing into a wide range of cells. Stem cells could potentiallyRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells2831 Words   |  12 Pages What is a stem cell? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells have the ability to divide for indefinite periods in culture and to give rise to specialized cells. They are best described in the context of normal human development. Human development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and creates a single cell that has the potential to form an entire organism. This fertilized egg is totipotent, meaning that its potential is total. In the first hours after fertilization, this cell divides intoRead More Stem Cell Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. Research in the use of stem cells holds limitless possibilities in the medical field. Stem cells are the cells in our bodies that are in their primitive form. These cells have not yet become the type of cell they are destined to be, whether it be nervous tissue or another. However, even though stem cell research is a great new field, its progress is being limited by moral concerns and ethical questions. In order to let medicine reach its full potential, stem cell research should be legalized

The Autobiography of Malcolm X Free Essays

What Is the meaning of the title? Does It have a surface or deeper meaning? The title â€Å"The Autobiography of Malcolm X† is a book of Malcolm Ax’s life story, which is a powerful voice in our black history. During his lifetime he went through several significant changes in his lifestyle and beliefs. Many of these things were influenced by his travels, life events and who he came Into contact with. We will write a custom essay sample on The Autobiography of Malcolm X or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Identify the setting’s historical significance During Malcolm Ax’s lifetime he traveled to many places in the United States as well as out of the country. He was born In Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm father, Earl Little, was a traveling Baptist minister so they moved around in the united States. At the age of seventeen Malcolm moved to Boston, Massachusetts. This is where he began to get involved with drugs, gambling, drinking, pimps, and stealing. 3. Does this work make a political observation about African American culture? Does it perpetuate damaging stereotypes and myths about African Americans or does it deflate these myths and stereotypes? Malcolm X continued to Jump around in his beliefs. This makes me wonder If he lived longer would he have still believed the same thing. From when he was a child, a teenager in Boston, prison, following under Elijah Muhammad, to creating his own religion. Malcolm focused most of his life on people being bias. At the beginning of his book he said that his father was even bias Like the whites. He treated Malcolm different, compared to his brothers and sisters; he said It was because he was light skinned. Did his father say this or Is this Just Malcolm opinion? Who in this world isn’t bias about something it may not be color of skin, but financial well being, background or heritage. I’m not saying that this Justifies being prejudice against African Americans. However, if you are constantly looking for something you will see what you’re searching for, even If It really Isn’t there. Which Is something I fell Malcolm X does repeatedly throughout his life. Race is always brought up in his arguments. Doesn’t he want a better for the black community? He is criticizing his own people. Is this what we want African American’s to be seen as, disparaging their own race. Malcolm portrays as an angry black male against the whites, judgment should not been applied in anger. Malcolm is constantly against the whites and the African Americans that have made a better life in at this time hat was a white world. Change is gradual; the black community is trying out the new waters and opportunities they were given. Malcolm X Is known as a great black activist, but I see that his teaching of how to be an Independent African American community was not an effective way. Blacks are known today as majority of the population of our prisons and majority of single family homes. Should the black community continue to preach Malcolm support of violence as answer to these problems? We should teach self reliance and a strong male presence In the household. Malcolm did teach these things however he did not teach non violence, which I believe is a key part of this problem. 5. Identify an appropriate audience for this work. Does this work have universal appeal? Before I say what audience this work is appropriate for; I think I should ask if Malcolm X was a leader that should be followed. Malcolm was born in poverty and grew up as a trouble teenager. After prison Malcolm changed his life and became a leader for the black community. Was he a leader that should be followed? Did he help the black community step forward as a group of people wanting equal freedom and rights? There were many historical leaders that led groups of people that had efferent views to another leader. But which leader gave path to a better lifestyle? I could argue that this work is appropriate for young black males. That it could be inspirational for them to see a man go from poverty to a historical leader. However, do we want these young black males to look up to a leader that didn’t really change the world for the good? I think we should see if today, fifty years later, the movement Malcolm led has benefited the black community. Malcolm became deeply involved in the growing turmoil of the civil rights movement. As a radical black leader, Malcolm X advocated black pride and financial self-reliance. He ultimately rose to become a world-renowned African American and human rights activist. I think Malcolm Ax’s belief of becoming self reliant and building a strong black family household is what every person should strive for. However, his embrace of violence is something I do not believe is a way to overcome and be recognized as a black community wanting their own opportunities and liberty. I still feel like today violence is used in hope to gain freedom and opportunities. This would make me hesitate to advice a young black male to read this work while looking for guidance. How to cite The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Papers

Points of Parity and Points of Difference Essay Example For Students

Points of Parity and Points of Difference Essay Sharma family’ house Noon time, mother has served the food for her kid, returned from the school†¦. Mother : Darshil!! Darshil!!! Beta khana kha lo!! Kid: Shiii ye sabji mujhe pasand nahi†¦ Bruno(dog) tu kha le†¦.. ye roti ye bhi le le!!! Mother: Darshil ye kya kar raha he!! ISE KUCH BHI KHILAO KHATA HI NAHI†¦ AUR POSHAN ADHUA REHE JATA HE!! KOI ESA DRINK NAHI JO WO PASAND BHI KARE AUR USE SAMPOORNA POSHAN BHI MILE!! Almost in every house where kids are there we see this situation happening. Therefore almost every parent is wondered about the complete health food, as many kids do not like eating the home made food. Therefore parents tend to feed milk to their kids, thinking that milk is always the primary source of nutrition for kids and is the richest source of protein. Because Protein is essential for growth and development of the body, it is stressed upon in diet for children. But as per the doctors only milk is not a complete drink for children, they need something more to give a complete nutrition even if the child does not eat proper food hence parents are always in search for such a product which will not only give the taste and flavor to milk but also are fortified with minerals like iron and vitamin C which milk lacks. Kids require balanced diet which boosts their growth and development. Thus kids are recommended to eat more of foods that contain protein like milk, pulses, and dairy products, more of vegetables and fruits for its vitamins and less of junk food that gives empty calories. Many companies are in the market with their products as complete health products; such as Complan, Bournvita, Horlics etc. but the parent is always wondered which is the best health drink to buy for their kids? COMPAN VS HORLICS Points of Differentiation: Product wise: Essential nutrients for kids: Look for these components when choosing any nutritional supplement for kid. * Calcium- Required for building strong bones and sustaining a normal development of the body. * Phosphorous- Research shows that phosphorous plays an important role in formation of bones along with calcium and is also useful in digestion, excretion and maintenance of fluids and tissues. * Protein – Proteins are the building blocks of the body, and are constituents of all muscles, tissues and also are responsible for growth and repair of the body. Fatty Acids- Fatty acids like omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids are essential for brain development, improving concentration, helping memory and regulating moods swings. * Vitamins and minerals- Vitamins and minerals are very essential for your kid’s development. Vitamin B complex is required to fulfill almost all bodily functions, vitamin C is necessary to develop an immune system, zinc is required for healthy nerve endings and iron is required for better transportation of oxygen in the blood stream. Per 100 gm| Complan| Horlics| Protein (gm)| 18| 11| Carbohydrates (gm)| 62| 13. 94| Fat (gm)| 11| 2. 0| Calcium (mg)| 800| 741| Phosphorus (mg)| 780| 280| 1serve (gm)| 33(two scoops)| 27(two scoops)| Drinks per pack| 15| 18| These products also differ from each other on the price factor. Price always have been the weak point of Complan. Those who has used this brand know that its good but was terribly expensive compared to the other highly advertised brands. More over the brand was a little confused regarding its positioning and communication, Complan(500 gm. rs. 154) is bit costly than Horlicks(500 gm. rs. 138). There is Complan that promises to give 100% milk protein with 23 vital nutrients, followed by Bournvita boasting that it is the drink of the real achievers and finally Horlicks which promises to make your kid, ‘Taller, Stronger and Sharper’. Complan is available in four flavors those are natural, chocolate, caramel, mango. Whereas Horlics is available in chocolate, caramel flavors. Points of Parity: Both are ser ving as a nutritional drink for kids Both are available in different sizes of refills Both are available in the biscuit form

Teachers and Stress free essay sample

An examination of the phenomenon of stress and how it impacts teachers. An examination of the effects of stress in the workplace. The author looks at the causes and impacts of stress on individuals. He puts emphasis on teachers who suffer from high exposure to symptoms of stress. According to Harden (1999), 20 Million days a year are lost in the due to stress. Teachers are part of this pool of workers. The problems teachers face range from more students to longer work hours. Stress is widespread and a normal side effect of many professions. Because of the fact that it is well documented that teaching is regarded as a stressful occupation (Cains, 1998, p.97), I feel the topic of teachers experiencing stress in and out of the classroom to be highly relevant. Teachers experience stress because teaching is a profoundly emotional form of work (Troman, 2000, p.337). There are two main characteristics associated with stress. We will write a custom essay sample on Teachers and Stress or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These are the excessive workload or day-to-day demands of teaching and the pressure of conformity or how the teacher must complete a task.

Media and Propaganda essays

Media and Propaganda essays Media and Propaganda Media and propaganda have played an important role in swaying and pacifying the opinions of the people of nations throughout wars in the twentieth century. Media is information and news that is brought about by an organization, which is set to inform the public of ongoing happenings and events nationally and internationally, ( World Book, vol. 13). Propaganda is a form of media, newspapers, radio, television, posters, books, and other publications, any systematic, widespread dissemination, which is twisted and changed, in an attempt to change the views of people, usually in the time of war. Propaganda has to appeal to its audience in three ways: call for action or opinion, make the action or opinion sound right and moral, and it must provide a pleasant feeling, ( World Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 15). These significant factors can drastically turn the tides of war in only a short time. The Cold War was a war unlike any other. It was not a blood bath as the wars in the past. The Cold War was not fought with soldiers and weaponry, it was a political and economical competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. Two major weapons used in this conceptual war were media and propaganda. Posters, letters, and television ploys were just a few of the ways propaganda was applied to the battle. Two major components of the war was the space race and the nuclear arms race. The U.S. and the Soviet Union contended with each other to see who could get into outer space first and who had more nuclear capabilities. Many propaganda posters were created from both sides displaying who had more power. The Soviet Union used propaganda to its full extent by promoting their philosophy of economic egalitarianism, socialist ideas, (Cold War Damage) in western countries that sanctioned these ideas. The promotion of these beliefs we ...

Corrections Module 5 Writing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corrections Module 5 Writing - Coursework Example Especially the problems occurred in the racial candidates’ recruitment with the fact that the people rarely came to work in rural locations, therefore more prisons had to be built in the metropolitan areas. As far as the recruitment of the female CO is concerned, the major issue covering the area is the classic discrimination and the male chauvinism that keeps women from being recruited at a larger scale (Philip L. Reichel, 2008). The treatment staff in a prison is supposed to take care of the prisoners without being in direct interaction with them. These include the duties as some psychological treatment workers, psychotherapy workers, religious workers, academic staff and the staff hired to provide amusement to the prisoners. In the governmental use model of the prisons, the market for the goods is restricted to the state and local government with control in the hands of the public. A joint venture has a control shared within the state and the public with the prison producers as being private. At a corporate level, the control is more private than being public and is highly unrestricted. Lastly, in the free enterprise model the primary control is private in nature and the market for goods is unrestricted. During the last few decades, the privatization in the prison has been increased. In the U.S, six states have almost 25% of their population of prisons housed as private. This is due to the fact that it is easy for the private sector to construct prisons because they have a better finance and they can have more savings in cost as compared to that of the government. The different treatment strategies that have helped alter the crime-related behavior are the drug and alcohol treatment, prison based therapeutic communities, anger management and lastly the sex offender treatments. The new skills are taught to the inmates’ trough several strategies like the life skills, educational programs and vocational trainings etc. the most important strategy to

Examine the extent to which children have rights in a particular area Essay

Examine the extent to which children have rights in a particular area of law and provision (Abortion) - Essay Example The UK is a signatory to the United Nations Convention on Children’s rights held in the month of December in the year 1991. The Convention acts as a basis for protection of children’s rights in all member states. (Every Child Matters, 2008) The convention provides that all children have the right to life. This brings up a vital question; can a foetus be considered as a child? The United Kingdom recognises viable foetuses as those ones who have exceeded twenty four weeks. (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2004) This is why the Abortion Act of 1967 allows abortions before a pregnancy has reached that stipulated time. In relation to this, the UK only allows abortion in cases where the unborn child will affect his mother’s health both physically and mentally. By providing such a restriction, the unborn child’s right to life is protected because mothers may not terminate their pregnancies for minor reasons. This ensures that unborn children’s rights are protected in the most viable way possible. The Abortion Act of 1967 also provides that abortions should only be carried out after obtaining consent from two medical practitioners. (Abortion right, 2007) The purpose of this stipulation is to further ascertain that abortions are only carried out in extreme conditions and that a child’s best interests are protected even before they are born. However, certain human rights groups like the Society for the protection of the unborn child claims that these laws are not doing enough to protect the unborn child. They argue that all abortions should be made illegal through repealing of the abortion acts relevant to women in the UK today. (Arthur, 2007) Experts agree that the United Kingdom’s abortion laws are quite severe to women but protect unborn children through its restrictions. In comparison to other countries in that area, unborn children take precedence over women. In countries like

Universal Virtues Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Universal Virtues - Coursework Example Remarkably, individuals fail to practice and put into consideration the universal virtues. Consequently, individuals undergo a tremendous transformation in their lives which hinders them from actually realizing their abilities and potentials to embrace any of the virtues. Leaders are meant to act as a role models to the people and have the responsibility of practicing all the six universal virtues to ensure efficiency in their ruling (Chiles, 2007). Unfortunately, they fail to adopt all of them but only achieve to practice just a few. In the decision making process, a leader can make a wise and just decision but lacks the courage to support his decision. According to Chiles (2007), wisdom, courage and humanity are the most essential virtues. They form the basis of an individual’s life which enables him to make wise decisions and to be brave when dealing with others. The six universal virtues are the keys to a successful life that ensures togetherness in a community or in an

History of Rape in armed conflict

History of Rape in armed conflict Rape and violent sexual abuse of women in armed conflict has a long history which corroborates that sexual violence is not only common; in effect it is encouraged. In war, every man could be king  [1]  . Rape has existed as an invidious expression of the domination and subjugation of women throughout the course of human existence and is compelling evidence of the subordination of women by men  [2]  .Women are raped by men of all ethnic origins, creed and ideologies. During Biblical times soldiers regarded women as spoils of war; Biblical law conveyed that soldiers could take these as plunder. [a]nd you may use the plunder the Lord your God gives you from your enemies  [3]  . Hebrews raped  [4]  and were permitted to keep the captives as slaves or concubines. Greeks raped; Homers Iliad offers an insight into the fate of women in war, the book opens with an argument between the Greek warriors Agamemnon and Achilles over the possession of women seized during the Trojan W ar. Chryseism a Trojan woman of lesser status was captured by the Spartans and given to Agamemnon as his battle camp entertainment  [5]  . In the History of Art H W Janson has offered an explanation of the sculpture by the 16th century Italian artist Giovanni Bologna entitled Rape of The Sabine women, which is a reminder of the fate of the Sabine women at the hands of Roman warriors  [6]  . In the middle age during the first crusade knights throughout their march to Constantinople set aside time to assault women  [7]  . In the fifteenth century French soldiers raped English women during the hundred year war  [8]  and Catholic French raped French women during the war of religion  [9]  . In 1746 King Georges army suppressed a Scottish rebellion by raping any Scottish woman ill-fated enough to be home  [10]  . George Washingtons documents recorded an occurrence of rape in the revolutionary war  [11]  .General Andrew Jackson was credited with coining the phrase Booty and Beauty during the 1812 war  [12]  ,substantiating the opinion that women during war become mere object and are no more legal su bjects. In 1914 during World War I, rape was extensively used against French and Belgian women by German soldiers, who began to abandon this practice  [13]  , when the troops switched to trench warfare making access to local women difficult  [14]  . Rape was used as a war tactic by German and Japanese armies in World War II and later by the Russian forces as a weapon of retribution .Kristallnacht or the night of broken glass was a night of rapes, arson, plunder and murder in November 1938 as Germans killed Jews, burned their properties and arrested the survivors, so that they could be moved to concentration camps  [15]  . However, it must be noted that Hitlers government expelled rapists from the Nazi party and turned them over to the civil courts as Nazis regarded rapes more reprehensible than murder since rape violated Nuremburg racial laws forbidding sexual intercourse between Gentiles and Jews. When the war changed course and the Russian army advanced into German territory, G erman women were treated exactly as the Russian women had been treated by the Germans. Hordes of Russian troops demanded the rights due the conquerors: the women of the conquered  [16]  . Moroccan armed force in 1948 fought free French forces in Italy under contract terms that included free license to rape and plunder in the enemy territory  [17]  . In 1937 during World War II the Chinese Nationalist army used Nanking as its capital but General Chiang Kai-shek decided not to defend Nanking and withdrew the army when Japanese forces arrived leaving the city full of defenceless women and children resulting in a number of them being abnormally and sadistically killed and raped  [18]  . Many old women and young girls were raped and their bodies were mutilated after the act. In the Tokyo tribunal it was noted that the Japanese government had knowledge of the rapes but did nothing to prevent them from happening  [19]  . The atrocities did not stop with Nanking, the Japane se soldiers forced almost 80,000 to 200,000 Asian women, mostly Korean who were known as comfort women, to serve as sex slaves. These comfort women were held mostly at frontline brothels and evidence shows that officials of the Japanese Imperial army  [20]  maintained meticulous records about the price per woman (one yen to use a Chinese woman, one and a half yen to use a Korean woman and two yen to use a Japanese woman) , revenue generated and venereal disease  [21]  . While giving evidence at the Tokyo tribunal, one soldier admitted that he partook in daybreak raids on Korean villages dragging women and loading them into trucks to be taken to frontline brothels  [22]  . Historians hold the view that most women held in Japanese brothels died during or soon after the World war II  [23]  . The experience of Vietnamese women in the 1960s was no different than the experience of women involved in armed conflict in the past.The sight of a womans body spread eagled with an 11th brigade badge between her legs, witnessed by an American G.I flying over a rice paddy near the village of My Lai in Vietnam, a few days after an American unit had massacred nearly the entire population, bears some evidence to this continuing abuse.  [24]  . Time and war tactics advanced but the plight of women during armed conflict saw no change. More than 20,000 Bengali women were raped and impregnated by Pakistani soldiers in the 1971 war between Pakistan and what is today Bangladesh  [25]  . Almost 5000 women were raped by Iraqi soldiers during the August 1990 invasion of Kuwait and after liberation a number of foreign domestic workers were raped by returning Kuwaitis  [26]  . Women in Rwanda  [27]  and Kashmir  [28]  suffered rape and death during internal armed conflict. During Perus 12 year internal war women were raped, murdered and threatened both by the government security forces and the communist party of Peru shining path  [29]  . Similarly women in East Timor were raped and killed since the Indonesian occupation of 1975  [30]  . During the ethnic violence of Liberias civil war, Liberian women faced rape and death  [31]  . Media reports are available of sexual violence committed against women by UN TAC in Cambodia; UN forces in Somalia and rebel forces in Dr. Congo  [32]  . Most recently, there have been reports of mass rapes which have occurred in the war torn lands of the former Yugoslavia. M. Cherif Bassiouni (head of an U N commission investigating war crimes) cited almost 13,000 to 50,000 rape victims in the Bosnian war, majority being Muslim women victimized by the Serbs  [33]  , who used rape as a weapon in order to express the totality of victory, a means for troop mollification and as a form of genocide and ethnic cleansing. The details listed above are but a few to give an insight into the historical past ; however, for ages rape has been used and continues to be used globally as a weapon during internal or external armed conflict.

The Great Gatsby Book Report Essay -- essays research papers

Summary At the onset of this book, the reader is introduced to the narrator, Nick Carraway, who relates the past happenings that construct the story of Jay Gatsby and Nick during the summer of 1922. After fighting in World War I, or the Great War as Nick called it, Nick left his prominent family in the West of America for the North where he intended to learn the bond business. Nick was originally supposed to share a house in West Egg near New York City with an associate of his, but the man backed out and so Nick lived with only a Finnish cook. Right next door, Gatsby lived in a glorious mansion with expansive gardens and a marble swimming pool, among other luxuries. Yet Nick did not even hear about Gatsby until he went to visit his distant family at East Egg next to West Egg. Daisy was Nick’s second cousin once removed, and Tom Buchanan was Daisy’s hulking brute of a husband and classmate of Nick’s from college. Jordan Baker, a prominent tennis player of the time, was staying with Daisy and Tom. As they sat down and chatted, it was Jordan who mentioned Gatsby, saying that she had been to one of his extravagant parties that he held every weekend. The four sat down to dinner when Tom received a phone call, which Daisy suspected to be from Tom’s mistress. Afterwards, Daisy and Nick talked and Jordan and Tom went out to walk about the grounds. Daisy talked about her little daughter and how when she was born Tom was not even there and she had wished out loud that she would be a fool, for that was the only way she could ever be happy. The four met again at the house and then Jordan went to bed and Nick went home. In the next chapter, the reader is introduced the bleak stretch of land between New York City and West Egg. It was there that Nick first met Tom’s mistress. Nick and Tom were taking the train into New York City one Saturday when Tom signaled to Nick that they were going to get off the train halfway to their destination in what seemed to be the middle of nowhere. Tom walked into an auto garage where he talked with a man named George Wilson, who asked about a car Tom was supposed to sell him. Wilson’s wife, Myrtle, emerged from the upstairs of the garage. When Wilson went off to his office for a moment, Tom quickly told Myrtle that he wanted to see her and to take the next train into New York. They arranged where they would meet quickly and moved away f... ...al 1922. F. Scott Fitzgerald was not biased for or against the rich in writing this book, he was simply trying to chronicle the lives and times of the early part of the 20’s. His lack of a bias is what makes his book such an accurate description of the era that he wrote about. This book should be considered â€Å"required reading† because it introduces the reader to what life was like for the rich at that time, as well as the general mood that pervaded the decade. It speaks of concepts such as bootlegging, gambling, and â€Å"new money†, ideas that previously were not commonly written of. F. Scott Fitzgerald can be considered an authority on the twenties because he lived in the twenties with the type of people that were described in his book. Theme In writing this book, commonly refered to as the â€Å"Great American Novel†, F. Scott Fitzgerald achieved in showing future generations what the early twenties were like, and the kinds of people that lived then. He did this in a beautifully written novel with in-depth characters, a captivating plot, and a wonderful sense of the time period. Bibliographical Data F. Scott Fitzgerald; The Great Gatsby; Simon and Schuster Publishing;  © 1925; 189 pages

Contribution of the EYFS to young children’s development and learning

Introduction Early Year Foundation Stage (EYFS) setting is an important surrounding for young children’s development. Positive relationships are built at this stage, where children learn through respectful and caring interactions. Practitioners are also able to give priorities to main person, and respectfully react to children and their parents’ respective opinions. The enabling environment at EYFS provides children with the needed time, space and materials to express themselves through plays, investigations and explorations of new ideas (Wood and Attfield, 2005). The practitioner is able to observe, organise and plan the flow of activities. Significantly, it is at this stage where a practitioner is able to identify the difference among children in terms of unique capabilities. In essence, developmental rates for children differ, with varied interests mostly influenced by the different socio-cultural and family backgrounds. Positive interactions Young children often rely on adult ed ucators to stimulate and sustain their learning (Broadhead, Howard and Wood, 2010). One of the key goals of the EYFS is to create the ideal condition for learning to take place. EYFS also allows children to know the practitioners, thus enhancing trust and rely upon the adults for support. Studies show that â€Å"young children have their own ideas about what they wish and want to do† (Broadhead, 2010, p.29). Given freewill to choose what they want, they would passionately pursue their chosen career over those preferred by family members. Bringing children together in the EYFS programmes also provide them with the opportunity to share individual knowledge with each other. Through group plays, individual child is able to initiate their destiny, take the lead, make choices, and develop individual thinking capacity as well as new ideas. They are also keen to draw sense from things in their surroundings. The positive interaction is also observed in the manner in which children ada pt play as a form of learning. Play is recognised as an important aspect of well-being and development of children. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children (1989) states that play should be a fundamental commitment within the EYFS. Although the relationship between play and learning is not straightforward, research evidence suggests that different types of play â€Å"help children to learn and to become confident learners in their future lives† (Wood and Attfield, 2005, p.113). Other researches also indicate that children’s learning is enhanced when they interact with skilled adult in certain ways, thus promoting their good progress (Miller and Almon, 2009). The benefits of playful approaches to learning can never be overstated in the effective development of young children. EYFS settings are made with certain guidelines that focus on both short term and long term success. The best outcomes of children’s learning is often found in places where le arners are exposed to a myriad activities, including initiatives spearheaded by children themselves and supported by skillful adults. The interaction between young children and skilled adults at EYFS has the ability to increase adult support. Studies have indicated that too little adult interaction and support can limit a child’s learning process (Miller and Almon, 2009). Similarly, play with adults although can be rich and be full of purpose, may be full of chaos and repetitive to an extent that it limits learning and exploration among the young children. The interaction is a critical aspect that will ensure the young children get professional support even as they grow and learn. Opportunity to listen to children EYFS allows practitioners to listen to young children and understand what they should be taught. At the same time, practitioners are able to set new challenges within the context that the young children can recognise. When the children are brought together through EYFS, the practitioners are able to acknowledge individual child’s ability and be fully aware of what they can learn, thus allow them to plan and provide for every stage in the learning process (Broadhead, Howard and Wood, 2010). When relationship has been developed between young children and adult practitioners, the latter knows the right thing to engage them during play, through the use of sounds, gesture, movements or objects (QCA, 2005). The practitioner is able to judge the extent of their engagement with the children during play, and when they are ready for the introduction of new skills. Practitioners, as skillful adults, use the EYFS to support and enhance young children’s learning by selecting from po ol of strategies available and matching them according to the specific needs of the children. In the EYFS setting, decisions such as what to give children and what best ways to help them learn are made several times each day. A skillful practitioner is able to learn the children’s needs through listening to them in an EYFS setting, where they can also learn the nature of play and playfulness each child possess. Increase effective teaching Children often cherish moments when they are in control and periods when they acquire the feelings that they are autonomous in their daily learning. Neuroscience studies have shown that children are well motivated and intelligent learners who explore everything around them (Lancaster and Broadbent, 2003). Thus, when children are brought together in an EYFS, the teaching becomes more effective because the practitioners are able to build the right conditions for learning. Adults are also able to manage the pace of activities and ensure they le arn through stimulating opportunities. When balance between spontaneous plays is established, the practitioner is able to evaluate the children’s choices and achievements and provide a guiding principle of learning to increase effectiveness. It is established that â€Å"too much directed activity often deprives children of the opportunity to engage actively when learning† (Broadhead et al., 2010). EYFS practitioner can increase effective teaching by arranging time, space and activities within the daily routine programme to reflect the overall combination which significantly support wellbeing of children. A combination of child-initiated plays and adult-led playful activities allows professionals to choose the right approach that will not only enhance the developmental stage of the children but also provide individual and group support as a form of effective teaching (Miller and Almon, 2009). For example, a particular day can be set to allow free play between children w ithout any adult’s involvement. This approach provides children with the needed space, independence and relaxation. At the other end of the scale are days when short sessions are carefully planned and structured with activities that are useful when teaching specific skills. At the EYFS setting, skillful practitioners are able to impact young children positively by teaching them how to build positive identities through collaboration. Young children are also able to develop caring relationships with other people, manage and take risks, experience success, develop resilience, cope with failures, and develop ‘can-do’ attitude that is critical in the modern world’s increasing competitive environment. The high-quality provisions at EYFS are essential for children in their attempts to develop positive dispositions, which is the foundation for long-term learning success. Unique Child’s opportunity to learn Children often have different development rates, varied interests, different cultural backgrounds and unique families that define their early life experience (Rogers and Evans, 2008). EYFS themes allow them to explore these abilities, and design what fits each child according to their background. At the EYFS setting, practitioners are able to plan and structure activities that can be essential in the teaching of specific skills. This stage of teaching can benefit children with recognised special educational needs. Young children are also able to build their vocabulary and demonstrate to them how to use specific tools and equipments. Neuroscience studies show that human brains develop and function in an exploratory setting (Tovey, 2007), which is essentially offered at EYFS. The freedom to combine resources at the EYFS in many varied ways is important because of the flexibility of the cognitive development process. Unique children are able â€Å"to build pathways for thinking and lea rning, and to make connections across areas of experience in the process† (Miller and Almon, 2009). Theories of learning and development agree with the perspectives developed in brain research that learning is both individual and social, and that young children, particularly the ones with unique abilities, are not passive learners (Miller and Almon, 2009). These children drive their learning and development through selective choices on what they like, individual interests they make in these activities, the knowledge they acquire, and their motivation to do things with competence. Broadhead, Howard, and Wood (2010) observe that choices and interests of unique children are the driving forces that build knowledge, skills and understanding. For example, the children are constantly learning about themselves as well as their socio-cultural worlds when they play with other children and skillful adults Conclusion Young children learn in several ways as they grow up. First, it is recognised that children learn through play, both amongst themselves and with adults. It’s through play that children are able to explore, investigate and develop ideas. Young children also learn at the presence of other people, which allows them to develop emotional security and social skills. Through EYFS, children are able to meet these needs by being active and talking to themselves. They are also shown how to do things and how to meet physical and mental challenges, thus helping them develop lifelong learning habit. References Broadhead, P., Howard, J. and Wood E. (2010). Play and Learning in Early Childhood settings Theory and Practice, Sage, London. Lancaster, Y.P. and Broadbent, V. (2003). Listening to Young Children, Open University Press, Maidenhead. Miller, E. and Almon, J. (2009). Crisis in the Kindergarten: Why Children Need to Play in School, College Part, MD, Alliance for Children. QCA (2005). Continuing the Learning Journey: INSET Package, QCA, London (ref. QCA/05/1590). Rogers, S. and Evans, J. (2008). Inside Role-Play in Early Childhood: Education, Researching Young Children’s Perspectives. Routledge: London. Tovey, H. (2007). Playing Outdoor: Spaces and Places, Risk and Challenge. Open University Press: Maidenhead. Wood, E. and Attfield, J. (2005). Play, Learning and the Early Children Curriculum. Paul Chapman: London.

Eating Healthily with a Busy Lifestyle Essay

1.0 Introduction Life is work and work is life. People who commit themselves to that particular social economic lifestyle will endure the process of getting busy almost every moment in their daily lives. Their timings to do laundry and keeping themselves and the house clean had decreased as well as their most important timings of all: food intake and meal times planning. Everyday we meet people and surely we would not want to be around any cranky and irritable people who have not taken the time to have a good meal let alone the persons are us. Veloso, M. wrote in her article â€Å"Eating healthy in a busy world† that by not eating appropriately, not only makes us feel tired, but it can cause some serious relationship issues when it comes to our mood. Therefore, our further meetings, appointments and decision making can be affected as well. She added that life will always be busy but if we do not eat on a schedule, our body will not have enough energy to keep up with our active yet busy life. Life can be busy but let it not be chaotic and distressful. She believed it is real that â€Å"if we eat more regularly and eat a more balanced diet, sugar levels stay more even which enhances our mood†. From what she said, we can conclude that no matter how busy we are, a balanced diet is a must in order to run our life a success at the end of the day. This is because, bad or no food at all will only ruin our mood and our daily activities as well. Hence, over the next chapters, this article will discuss about why, how and what kind of food intake benefit us as well as the suggested menus for those who have busy lifestyles. 2.0 Why is it important? Malaysian culture is the culture that often revolves around food. There are lots of variety of food that are simply available almost anywhere. The questions of being nutritional come second in our community as our food often famous with deep and stir fry dishes. Some people will think that if they consume green vegetables as a side dish once a week, they are actually taking a healthy diet and their body already has the nutrition to stay healthy for all week long. According to Sarah DeWitt from eHow.com, â€Å"a healthy diet is a diet loaded with a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, along with lean meats and other protein sources. A healthy diet is a lifestyle. We need a healthy diet to maintain good health and prevent diseases such as cancer and diabetes†. She disclosed that healthy diet may decrease the chances of such critical diseases. According to Sue Roberts (2011) in the article entitled ‘Do We Have to Eat Healthy Foods?’, Centers for Disease Control stated that â€Å"310. 000 to 580, 000 deaths per year can be attributed to poor food choices and physical inactivity. Obesity, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and osteoporosis are example of chronic diseases which are related to improper nutrition†. Hence, we need to maintain the health of our bodies since we ought to live happily and meaningfully. This is because, keeping our body healthy also will prevent us from stress and other stress related diseases which may obstruct our daily lives especially our busy job schedules and workloads. Even as little as dizziness and headache would cost us a fortune if our body could not keep up with what we pressured ourselves into and this is the result of us lacking in maintaining balance between nutrition and food taste into our body. Even though we are as busy as bees, we still cannot skip the responsibility of taking care of our body. It is enough if we can include beneficial nutrients in our daily intake in every consecutive meal especially breakfast, lunch and dinner. These three meal time are believed to be vital to most of our respondents. They shared an interesting idea about those meal time and how important ones to eat at certain times according to lifestyle as long as it continuum and not skipping any meal. Perhaps some of them had already suffered from stomach problem which often caused by skipping meals and not enough food to ingest and they learnt from mistakes. Therefore, it is important to not to skip any meal even though we are very busy as the action may cause not only troubles but also some great fortune for not working in 100 percent full self-potential and determination. Hence, over the next chapter, we will discuss about how and what shall be taken to maintain a great balance thus resulting in healthy body and gaining power with great inner strength to stay focus and be happy for work and daily lives. 3.0 How to eat healthily in a busy lifestyle Marlene Veloso writes in her article that people can avoid going to vending machine for junk food and suffer from fatigue by 3 simple tips. First is by â€Å"eating smaller meals more often. This allows your body to have a constant source of fuel and energy to keep your sugar levels even†. Second is to â€Å"avoid sugars and soft drinks that not only make your sugar level increase quickly and at extremely high levels, but they also contain a lot of useless calories and bad sugars that are bad for your overall health.† Lastly, you should â€Å"eat a lot of highly soluble fibre and proteins that can make you feel more lively and energetic†. From these vital points, we can assume that meal times and food intake are crucial for us in order to maintain steadiness in our everyday lives. According to our small scale research, only 1 from 9 respondents who did not care about the meal time as long as he can eat when he is hungry. He also believed that no food can release any stress. However, according to Dorie Ensenstein in the article â€Å"10 Superfoods for Stress Relief† wrote that milk is one of the food that can help to level the stress and often taken during breakfast as a good start for the day. This is because â€Å"milk is high in antioxidants and vitamins B2 and B12, as well as protein and calcium. Have a bowl of whole-grain cereal and low-fat milk in the morning to start your day with a stress-fighting breakfast.† According to the article, there are some more stress relief foods such as Asparagus, Beef, Cottage Cheese and Fruits, Almonds, Blueberries, Tuna and Cornflakes or Crispy Rice Cereal. She also stated the recommended serving size and time. For example, Almonds can be eaten as finger food while Cornflakes or Crispy Rice Cereal is suitable to be taken during breakfast together with milk. The real deal is to be disciplined and to plan how to have healthy yet easy meals. If we want to avoid the stress, we should plan ahead of time and prepare them because making healthy meals requires planning. We should keep our kitchen stocked with labeled food items that ensures us to use minimal time and effort to cook and prepare our food. This is because, according to an article that was reviewed by Fristky(2011), the North Carolina State University’s department of family and consumer sciences stated that â€Å"the diets of busy families are negatively affected by a lack of planning and organization as much as they are affected by lack of nutrition knowledge.† Hence, before we brush up on our nutrition facts, we should plan ahead and get ourselves organized. This article highlighted how important the planning and being organized are. Therefore, no matter how busy we are, we need to find time to plan our meals. By shopping during off-peak hours and buying enough food to last for several weeks, we would save a lot of valuable time lining in the store and instead, we could use it to prepare healthful meals at home. Hence, we can prepare the ingredients the night before or during the weekends and packed into the freezer in adequate serving size. Moreover, we can also pack our lunch everyday. It is beneficial because we knew where our ingredients came from either it is healthy or otherwise. From our research also, we can conclude that meal time is considered essential in everyday lives. 7 from 9 respondents stated that they needed a rather strict meal time such as breakfast, lunch and dinner. Some even adjusted the time and combined breakfast and lunch into brunch which commonly taken at 10 a.m. to 12 at noon. Reena, one of the respondents claimed that she did not take dinner but would take light supper at night since she was breastfeeding her baby boy. This showed that meal time is adjustable as long as we do not live on empty stomach. Our diet should fit the need of our body and our healthy lifestyle. According to two of our respondents, they claimed that they needed to have finger food or energy bar to avoid them eating junkfood or when they need extra energy. The finger food can be very healthy ones such as quick fix fruits and nuts such as grapes, cherry tomatoes and baby-carrots according to the article entitled â€Å"Are you too busy to eat healthy?† and was reviewed by Marie (2011). It also wrote that we can buy pre-cut and washed vegetables and purchase bags of ready-to-eat salad greens and spinach. Almonds can also be our finger food as it has many good mineral for our body. These healthy snacks should be bagged and ready to go so that we can just grab the snacks on the way to work which is an example of simple and easy yet nutritional food choice no matter how busy we are. In the nutshell, we can say that meal time and ingredients taken will affect our body thus our everyday behavior which will include accumulated stress over the time. Livestrong.com in an article â€Å"Healthy eating menus when busy† stated that we should start our busy day with a healthy breakfast as it will influence the rest of the meals. 4.0 Menus for busy yet healthy people. Eating is a must routine for everybody in this whole wide world. It is necessary to support good health. However, in busy schedule, people often choose food that is convenient to them rather what is really necessary for healthier living. With this mentality at hand, people will never eat good food thus resulting in many critical diseases such as heart attack, diarrhea and allergies. Storing bad food inside our stomach is not a good move. According to an article reviewed by Covington (2010), â€Å"If we are low at time, we should learn how to make fast, easy and healthy meals.† Therefore, we are going to share a few tips in creating good menus for busy but yet healthy people. First of all, good breakfast. This article tells us that we should eat something that â€Å"is easy to prepare for breakfast†. It continues to stress that skipping breakfast can keep our metabolism slow and cause us to become ravenous later in the day. It is suggested to grab pre-made, hard-boiled eggs and half a whole-grain bread and munch them on the way to work. Busy people should also drink some meal replacement shakes that usually contain a balance of protein, carbohydrates and fat as well as vitamin and minerals. Blend together the mix with recommended amount of low-fat milk or ice-cold water. We can drink this shakes when we are on the road and do not access to healthy food for several hours. We can also make fruit smoothie which is very quick to prepare and offers plenty of nutrition in the morning. In the article â€Å"Healthy breakfast on the go ideas†, it suggested that we blend fruit, low fat yogurt and a spoonful of wheat germ until desired consistency is reached. We can use many kinds of fruits such as berries, bananas, mangoes, kiwi, mangoes or apple. Fruits are rich with vitamins and mineral as well as the taste. In relevance to the use of fruits, Ary, one of our respondent said that he would take apple if he wants to feel healthier. In order to maintain good health a person needs five to eight servings of fruits and vegetables daily. It is also important to consume different types of fruits and vegetables rather than eating the same types of veggies all the time. If we have a hard time eating our vegetables we can also make a green smoothie or even put our vegetables in a juicer. Just be sure to add the pulp back into another recipe to get our fiber back. Protein is an essential part of a healthy diet. The skin, hair and nails are mainly composed of proteins. Protein can be found in chicken, fish, beef and eggs. Vegetarians can also get the right balance of protein from nuts, beans, soy and even spirulina. Spirulina is a sea vegetable that is loaded with nutrients and it is one of the most easily digestible proteins known to man. According to our research respondents, many said that they are taking supplements such as Spirulina, black seeds (Habbatussauda’) with honey, Vitamin C, Calcium pills, Evening Primrose Oil, and B-Complex pills. By taking these pills almost everyday, they somehow fit the need of their body to the nutrients that are deemed necessary and to stay healthy. According to Schwarcz and Berkoff (2004), fatty acids are very good for our health. The brain and heart thrive on omega 3 fatty acids. These healthy fats reduce inflammation within the body and reduce the incidence of disease. Omega fats are found in salmon oil, cod liver oil, nuts, seeds and eggs. We can also buy cod liver oil in supplement form and take it daily. A healthy diet is not just about what foods we eat. It is also very important to include plenty of purified water in our diet. The human body is over 70 percent water and water is needed for almost every bodily function. Water transports nutrients, and bathes our cells from the inside out. Water helps to flush out waste and toxins and water helps to keep the skin and brain healthy. Most people need eight to 10 glasses of pure water each day, but if we exercise or work in the sun we may need more. Listen to our body and drink more water if needed. In the article â€Å"eat busy schedule† which was reviewed by Bye (2010) stated that we can also eat healthily in fast-food chains by ordering the right kind of foods. We should select grilled or baked meats, salad with low-calorie dressing, whole grain rolls and bread and broth-based soup. As for Malay restaurant diners, we should avoid taking too much rice but resort to green vegetables soup with shredded egg-whites and less sautà © dishes. We should also avoid deep-fried foods and high-calorie sauces such as coconut milk based gravy and creamy sauce. 5.0 Conclusion As a conclusion, eating healthily is important to us whether we are busy or not. There is no excuse for us not to take care of ourselves. We are responsible to our body growth and function. Choosing what to eat and plan the meal are the ways to keep ourselves organized and healthy. When we are healthy, we will execute our daily routines and workload in a much better way and stress-free circumstances. Hence, we should find the time to plan, choose, prepare and eat our meals in consistent meal times daily so that we can eat healthily even with our busy lifestyle.

Analysis and Assessment of Baumgartner Jones Agendas and Instability in American Politics essays

Analysis and Assessment of Baumgartner Jones Agendas and Instability in American Politics essays I find a certain amount of difficulty when I attempt to offer an assessment of Baumgartner and Jones work, Agendas and Instability in American Politics. The reason for this is because the book is written in such a manner that it is enormously difficult to offer a conflicting argument to the model they use to describe how issues become part of agenda, the power of interest groups, policy monopolies, how power shifts, and other issues related to the aforementioned. For this reason, I must say that I find their model to be on solid ground. The previous reading assignments in this course which where mostly based on the writings of C. Wright Mills and his protg Robert Dahl read like the thoughts of writers who were desperately trying to convince the reader that they are right. To the contrary, Baumgartner and Jones made no real attempts to sell their research and rather presented their findings and beliefs in a way that seems to say to the reader that this is the way things are. Examples of legislative activity that seem to conform to their model offered to the readers of Baumgartner and Jones are presented in a way that basically shows the reader how their model translates into real life as opposed to an offering of evidence to bolster the correctness of their assertions. The notion of policy monopolies I find to be a very believable concept when describing the formulation, definition and promotion of issues in the American political agenda. Making an issue a taboo or untouchable or dangerous to national security, thus ensuring its longevity, perhaps even immortality. This phenomenon is most visible in the issues of Medicare and Social Security. Both programs are in deep financial trouble, but anyone who advocates even the slightest bit of change in either program is immediately labeled an extremist who lacks compassion for our nations senior cit...

ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING - Essay Example The in-class discussion therefore creates a friendly environment for students to be able to ask the question about the areas where they did not understand (OECD, 2010). The best thing about these discussions is that the students are able see the content from each other’s point of view thus making is easy to understand the subject matter even better. In-class presentations This assessment acts as both a formative and summative assessment because the results of the assessment are also taken into consideration during the marking of the final assessment. The students are asked to present a certain item in class at certain milestones in the learning process. The students are able to present and display their skills and the skills they have learnt. These presentations also act as a way to identify if the student has been able to understand the content. Practical assessments These are done in order to assess the student’s practical skills. This is with regards to the tools whi ch the students must learn to use in order to be able to carry out their jobs. Practical assessments help the students to be able to be able to show their practical skills on using the various machines such as broadcast cameras. These assessments are also important in identifying any areas where the student may need more training (Campbell, et al., 2012). It helps the teacher to be able to identify any areas where the class as whole or individual students may need more training. These practical assessments are also important in giving the students a hands-on on experience and also learn from each other. Written assessments Written assessments are also used in the assessments of the students. Students are given a number of topics to write about. As Matthews (2002) says, these assessments are very important in that they give the teacher an opportunity to see how the students are fairing in the class and also to see their understanding of various subject matters. The written assignment s are also very useful formative assessments not only for the assessments parts but also as a way to help the students to learn more and become more acquainted with various issues. This is because the students have to be able to research the various subjects given to them and make sure that they understand the subject matter thoroughly. The content of the students written assessments can be used to determine where the student is lacking and where the student may need more tutoring. Written assignments are also very important because they are individualistic and therefore may help in identifying the specific issues affecting the specific student (Clift & William, 1981). P3: validity and reliability of three main types of assessment methods. Discussions In-class discussions are useful as assessment methods because of a number of important issues. However, as Middlewood & Cardno (2001) says, there are some other negative issues which may affect in-class discussions and which may affect the validity as well as the effectiveness of class discussions as an assessment method. One such negative factor is the fact that some students may be better able to show their skills in discussions than others. Class discussion involves a lot of speaking and verbal arguments. Those students who may not have good verbal skills may seem not to have the right skills, and it is important for such students to be given a better way for assessment. While using class

CRITIQUE #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRITIQUE #1 - Essay Example At the start of her presentations, she always displays a confident look. The facial expression and the swiftness in getting her first words right helps to capture the attention of the audience. She also exhibits a mastery of the content they present. She is rarely distracted and never stammers during her presentations. She seems to have internalized her content and understood what is required of them; she is precise and straight to the point. In addition, she is relaxed and shows expressions that are related to what she is talking about. In order to capture the attention of all, she is not very fast neither is she too slow, she has adopted a pace that allows her viewers to get her clearly. Her eye movements, the movement of the mouth and the synchrony in body movement are evidence that she exhibits confidence. When presenting her story has a flow and she seems to relate with what she communicates to her audience. In addition, she portrays the emotions that go with the specific presen tation that she has at hand. Focusing on the positive attributes of Jackie Nespral, we find that she is also equally good. She is articulate in her presentation and exhibits a good mastery of language, this makes her read through her content fast. Her confidence can be established through her body language and she seems to have basics of her content, an aspect that gives her confidence. Her interview skills are superb, in the sense that she is quite inquisitive and attempts to get every detail of the topic under discussion. She capitalizes on every available minute, making it possible for her to present the news within the shortest time possible. She is very cheerful and relates very well with her stories; she displays the emotions behind her stories. The body language communicates much to the viewers, especially on what the emotion behind the story is. In addition, Jackie is elaborate and does make necessary body movements,

UNIT 4 DISCUSSION BOARD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIT 4 DISCUSSION BOARD - Essay Example This is why managers should base their pricing decision on solid ground. Major factors that should be considered are the market (i.e. customer demand), cost, actions of competitors, and political, legal, and image related issues. The process of determining customer demand is critically essential and continuous. It is even necessary to conduct market research. Though internal and production aspects such as quality are vital, managers must make certain that the product is not priced out of the market. The function of costs is based almost completely on market forces. Producers must meet the market by charging prices below the market price. Generally, both market forces and cost factors greatly affects prices. If a manager wants to effectively decide on pricing, he or she must keep an eye on the market. However, it should also be noted that costs must be covered in the long run. (http://www.canberra.edu.au/uc/lectures/mantech/accounting/sem981/unit4827/Lecture_Week_3_-_Pricing.txt). The pricing decisions that a manager makes should achieve the firm’s financial goals (i.e. profitability); meet up with the realities of the marketplace (by evaluating whether the consumers will buy at that price?); and keep up with the positioning of a product and with the other variables in the marketing mix. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricing#A_well_chosen_price_should_do_three_things:) However, legal issues should still be considered in pursuing these ends. Legislative restrictions are necessary because they prevent the possible setbacks or damages that individual firms’ pricing decisions could cost other firms, the consumers, or the economy in the aggregate. The law influences pricing decisions to entail responsibility. It creates awareness on the part of the firm to evaluate the consequences of their pricing decisions in a greater perspective. Moreover, the law influences pricing decisions in the sense that given price restrictions,

Personal Goals Essay Example for Free

Personal Goals Essay Setting goals should not be just for school assignments but should be part of one’s everyday life. Developing goals gives people something to strive toward and allows an individual to keep going forward in life. Without goals, it is very easy to give up when things get rough. According to Bishop, Carter and Kravitis (2011), â€Å"Setting goals involves defining what an individual is aiming for in both long-term and short-term time frames. Long-term goals are broader objective an individual wants to achieve over a long period, perhaps a year or more. Short-term goals are smaller steps that move an individual toward a long-term goal, making it manageable and achievable, piece by piece (p. 98). Smart Goals is a tool that helps to focus and create effective goals. Smart Goals is an acronym that consists of five steps: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time frame (Carter, Bishop, Kravits, 2011). Examples of using these acronyms for writing this paper are Specific – by receiving a B grade in every nursing class, Measurable – by completing each class for a step closer to receiving a degree, Attainable – by commitment and many hours of study, Relevant – achieving a B grade is not unrealistic with commitment and determination; the goal is to think positive and know that I can achieve anything, and Time frame – every five weeks completing a class. The following are the specifics of my personal and professional short and long-term goals along with the challenges in achieving them. Short-Term Personal Goals One of my short-term personal goals is to control my overspending. Most of my overspending is a result of depression, hence the compulsive purchases. The way I deal with depression is to go out and buy things. It makes me feel good for the moment but when I get the bill I become depressed and stressed. I believe in dealing with this issue will allow me a sense of peace. Since, I started back to school, there is no better time to start on this goal because attending school and studying is a tremendous distraction that will take up a majority of my time. My boyfriend manages his money very well and pays off all his credit cards every month and has no debt. I decided that I will have him help manage all my credit cards and bills to achieve my goal. The next step will be to cut up my credit cards and keep one for an emergency. Another strategy I am going to use, the days go out with my friends I will make them aware of my goal and solicit their help to keep me on track. When I am about to buy something, I will have them remind me about my goal of getting out of credit card debt. My milestone for this goal is one week to get the above strategies in effect. Long-Term Personal Goals One of my long-term personal goals is to pay-off all my credit cards. The first thing I need to do is to create a picture of how much debt and recurring bills I have in a month. This involves adding up all my credit card debt to see how much I owe, adding the monthly minimum payments, and adding up all my monthly recurring expenses: i.e. car loan, car insurance (divided by six), gas Family Fitness fees, ATT bill, and groceries. The next step is to add up all my income in a month. From here I can subtract the minimum amount due on all my credit cards and recurring bills from my income with an outcome of my maximum monthly income. With this result, I will decide how much more I want to contribute to paying down my highest interest rate credit card first, putting some away in my savings account for unexpected emergencies, and some for a little pleasure. The next step is to decide a realistic milestone to achieve this goal. I am giving myself one and a half years, my expected graduation date, so I have a clean slate to start paying off my school loan. To keep myself on track to my target date, I am starting an expense log that will allow me to monitor exactly where my money is going. By doing this I should be able to adjust my numbers to meet my goal. Another way to achieve this goal is by staying in school believe it or not. If I am in school and studying a majority of my time, I will have less time to go out and spend money. By doing and implementing all the above, I will be on my way to being debt free by the time I graduate. Short-Term Professional Goal One of my short-term professional goals is to complete the HCS/301 class with at least a B grade. My milestone achievement date is set for two weeks. To reach this goal I am taking several courses of action. The first is to manage my time. Managing my time will be challenging to say the least. I will be juggling my time between work, school, keeping up my home and spending a little time with my longtime boyfriend and dog. Oh wait, I forgot to list time to sleep. To do this, I will write down how many hours of work and commuting time I do each week (average 56 hours), time for boyfriend, dog, and home management (17 hours), and. time for school (39 hours). With my learning challenges, 39 hours per week is enough time for school. Another course of action is to form a study/support group. This group will help in discussions on schoolwork, to reinforce the in class material, and to discover different ways of doing and thinking regarding school assignments. A third way to achieve this goal is to take advantage of all the resources available at University of Phoenix. This would include using the university library, disability services, technical services, and taking workshops just to name a few. By consuming all these resources, I am sure it will reduce the amount of time and stress it takes me to complete each assignment. Long-Term Professional Goals One of my long-term professional goals is to obtain a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree. Working as a Registered Nurse (RN), I have experienced many roadblocks in obtaining another job and have fought going back to school for the past year. I finally have come to the realization that to make myself more employable in today’s job market that a RN with a BSN degree has a distinct advantage over a candidate with only an AA degree. According to Williams (n.d., p. 1), a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, and reported by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, â€Å"surgical patients treated by greater percentage of nurses holding Bachelor’s Degrees had a survival advantage† over those patients who did not have nurses with BSN. It was also reported that there has been a 10% increase in nurses with BSN degrees, and this increase in BSN-prepared RNs has decreased the risk of patient death by approximately five percent.† a BSN will give me more credibility, put me in a position of higher demand, increase my opportunities, and in a position to obtain higher pay. I have already started toward this goal by enrolling at University of in their BSN program will take one and a half years to complete the curriculum. As mention previously, I plan to succeed academically by continuing with my study/support groups, staying organized, continuing using resources at University of Phoenix, and completing each course in a the curriculum with at least a B grade. Challenges Everyone will face challenges and roadblocks throughout their lifetime. What sets up apart is how deal with them. If one allows it, challenges can stop us from achieving our goals. The major challenge I am facing at this time starting University of Phoenix is my negative thinking. I do not want to go back to school but have to out of necessity to keep my job. My negative thinking is due to my learning disabilities some of which are a lack of skills in reading and writing that seem to be a requirement in obtaining a BSN degree. Adding all these challenges together greatly contributes to my lack of confidence. A good support group at school and home is easing my negativity. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper was about personal and professional short and long-term goals. With each one, I discussed strategies on low to achieve each goal and the expected milestone for each. Reaching each milestone is empowering, to know that we are one step closer to achieving the next goal (Morisano, 2008). From researching on the subject of goals, when settling on goals, one should have positive outcome expectations regarding their ability to actually achieve these goals or they are unlikely to be highly motivated in following through with goal-relevant behavior (Williams, n.d., para 1). The importance of setting goals is that it gives me something I to have. When a goal is achieved, it gives me a little self- satisfaction and more confidence that I can achieve anything that I put my mind to if I have a clear vision of what I want. References Bishop, J., Carter, C., Kravits, S.L. (2011). Keys to Effective Learning. Study Skills and Habits for Success (6th ed.). Morisano, D. (2008). Personal goal setting in university students: Effects on academic achievement, executive functioning, personality, and mood. McGill University (Canada)). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 235. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/762858991?accountid=35812. (762858991). Williams, M. (n.d.). Is a BSN important? Nurses Speak Out. Retrieved from http://www.workingnurse.com/articles/Is-a-BSN-Important-Nurses-Speak-Out

Effect of the 19th Century on Children

Effect of the 19th Century on Children How did the lives of children change during the 19th century? Until the start of the industrial revolution, children were seen as small adults with few rights of their own. By the end of the nineteenth century childhood was a very different experience. The following essay will explore how this change came about. Children of the poorer classes had been part of the labour force for centuries, but with the rise of the factories, their work conditions changed. Children made up ‘two-thirds of the workforce on powered equipment in 143 water mills in England and Scotland’ [1] Conditions in factories were harsh, discipline strict and sometimes cruel, and hours were long. A mill worker is quoted in the Parliamentary Committee of 1832: I worked from five in the morning till nine at night. I lived two miles from the mill. We had no clock. If I had been†¦a quarter of an hour too late, a half an hour would have been taken off. I only got a penny an hour, and they would have taken a halfpenny.[2] In 1833 the Royal Commission on the Employment of Children reported many instances of children being strapped or hit, often because a child had fallen asleep towards the end of a fourteen hour day.[3] The Government tried to enforce some age restrictions in the early 1800s, but they were mainly ineffective because of the difficulty in proving children’s ages.[4] In the 1830s factory owners argued that the reduction of hours would result in higher prices, but in 1833 the Althorp’s Factory Act reduced working hours further, and by 1847 the ten-hour day was in place. In 1842 the Royal Commission carried out a Mines Report that revealed horrific conditions: I’m a trapper in the Gawber pit. It does not tire me, but I have to trap without a light and I’m scared. I go at four and sometimes half past three in the morning and come out at five and half past. I never go to sleep. Sometimes I sing when I’ve light, but not in the dark; I dare not sing then. I don’t like being in the pit. Sarah Gooder, aged 8[5] Lord Ashley (later Shaftesbury) pointed out that in Wales ‘it is not unusual to take them into the pits at 4 years’[6] The use of ‘climbing boys’ for cleaning chimney flues was also horrifying. There were reports of horrendous burning or suffocation accidents, sometimes fatal. Campaigners against this practice included Charles Dickens, and Charles Kingsley’s The Water Babies created further awareness, and it was a year after its serialised publication that the use of children for chimney cleaning was banned.[7] However, census returns show that child labour did not reduce significantly until at least the 1880s. The figures for boys working in mines show that there was no decline in figures until 1881 when the figures decreased from 36,000 in 1871 to 26,000.[8] The reason why so many families put their children to work was due to poverty. Henry Mayhew was told in 1851: ‘My little girl began about six†¦She never goes to school. We can’t spare her.’[9] The growth of the population in the cities and towns, plus the immigration of the Irish during the potato famine, and further immigration from Africa and Asia, had led to massive overcrowding and hardship, and the existing Poor Law legislation was no longer effective. Children growing up in urban slums were surrounded by dirt and disease, and infant mortality rates were high. Reports from people such as Edwin Chadwick and Henry Mayhew illustrated the squalor of living conditions for the working classes in the cities. The evangelical reformer, Lord Shaftesbury, witnessed the conditions when he visited London’s slums in 1846 and was struck by: †¦the children, whom he described as a race of beings apparently unknown to the outside world: nondescript, unknown, uncared for, begging on street corners, squatting on doorsteps, wading in the gutters. Some had no home. Some had no name.’[10] In these conditions children inevitably turned to crime or prostitution and when caught were punished as adults.[11] Some children might be deported to Australia, where the growing Empire colonies needed extra labour. Social reformers such as Mary Carpenter had some influence in changing the treatment of child criminals, and growing public awareness led to an increase in charities and orphanages. Improved welfare legislation and the new opportunities for education in the 1870s did much to improve the situation.[12] The introduction of state education in 1870 created the most effective change for the lives of working and poor children. Previously the only schooling provision had been Dame Schools, Sunday Schools or Charity Schools, but children who went to these schools rarely received more than the basic three ‘Rs’. In many areas there was no school provision at all.[13] Without income protection, wealthier families could fall victim to hard times. John Shinn, whose father fell ill and could not afford to send him to school, said: ‘The greatest and most serious misfortune of my life has been the loss of schooling or education’[14] There was some debate on whether the education of the labouring classes would improve or damage society, but reformers such as the philosopher, John Stuart Mill, argued that knowledge produces understanding and sensible behaviour.[15] The extension of the vote to working class men in 1867 caused a greater awareness of the importance of education. However, there was still a laissez-faire argument that the state had no right to be involved in education. The 1870 Education Act did not make schooling compulsory, or free. However, compulsory education was in place by the end of the 1870s, and the age for this rose over the next few decades until by the mid-twentieth century education was compulsory until the age of 16. With education and fewer working hours, leisure time improved. As literacy increased, so did the availability of books and magazines for children. By 1900 clubs and youth movements had been set up to provide entertainment – and to ensure that youngsters with time on their hands did not get into trouble.[16] For children of the middle and upper classes, life was different. Not required to earn an income, most children received regular education, either at home or at a private school. However, educational provision for girls was usually poor or non-existent, and the prevailing attitude was that girls were of less importance. Molly Hughes, the daughter of a stockbroker said: I was never taken to anything more exciting than a picture gallery, not even to a pantomime at Christmas†¦My father’s slogan was that boys should go everywhere and know everything, and that a girl should stay at home and know nothing.[17] Due to the campaigns concerning equal rights for women, girls’ education improved considerably during the century, with schools and colleges being set up in the 1850s, and university education from the 1870s. Looking back to his childhood in the 1840s, Charles Shaw wrote in 1893: I wonder whether it is true that I was allowed to be worked for fourteen hours a day when a little over seven years of age†¦whether it is true that even poor children now receive a better education than†¦Tom Hughes;†¦ if the rags, and squalor, and severe labour and long hours of those days, as contrasted with the leisure, and plenty, and recreation of these days are all illusions?[18] This quote illustrates the changes for some children over the course of the century. Children were now regarded as a separate entity to be protected and cared for. They were no longer ‘mini-adults’ to be used as another source of income, or left to roam the streets as orphans. Childhood, as a separate experience to adulthood, had been created. Bibliography Avery, Gillian, The Echoing Green: Memories of Regency and Victorian Youth, Collins, 1974 Best, Geoffrey, Mid-Victorian Britain 1851-1875, Fontana Press, 1990 Burnett, John, Destiny Obscure: Autobiographies of Childhood, Education and Family from the 1820s to the 1920s, Penguin, 1984. Duckworth, Jeannie, Fagin’s Children: Criminal Children in Victorian England, Hambledon London, 2002 Galbi, Douglas A., ‘Child Labour and the Division of Labour in the Early English Cotton Mills’, 1994 Golby, J. M. (Ed), Culture and Society in Britain 1850-1890, Oxford University Press, 1990 Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, July 7, 1842, in Turral, J., (Ed) A Source-Book of British History, Oxford, 1925 Horn, Pamela, The Victorian Town Child, Sutton Publishing, 1999 Rubinstein, David, Victorian Homes, David Charles, 1974 Steinbach, Susie, Women in England 1760-1914, Weidenfeld Nicolson, 2004 Wilson, A. N., The Victorians, Arrow Books, 2003 www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk www.victorianweb.org www.wikipedia.org 1 Footnotes [1] Galbi, Douglas A., ‘Child Labour and the Division of Labour in the Early English Cotton Mills’, 1994 [2] quoted in www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRtime.htm [3] Taylor, D, Mastering Economic and Social History, Macmillan, pp.196-7 [4] ibid. p.200 [5] quoted in www.victorianweb.org/history/ashley.html [6] Hansard, Parliamentary Debates, July 7, 1842, in Turral, p.294 [7] Wilson, A. N., The Victorians, Arrow, p.295-299 [8] Best, G., Mid-Victorian Britain 1851-1875, Fontana, pp. 130-1 [9] quoted in Steinbach, Susie, Women in England 1760-1914, p.166 [10] Duckworth, Jeannie, Fagin’s Children: Criminal Children in Victorian England, p.3 [11] ibid, p.6 [12] ibid, pp.135-6 [13] Taylor, pp.278-9 [14] Burnett, John, Destiny Obscure: Autobiographies of Childhood, Education and Family from the 1820s to the 1920s, Penguin, p.136 [15] Golby, J. M. (Ed), Culture and Society in Britain 1850-1890, OUP, p.136 [16] Horn Pamela, The Victorian Town Child, pp153-179 [17] Horn, p.20 [18] Avery, Gillian, The Echoing Green: Memories of Regency and Victorian Youth, p.117

Drugs And Alcoholism: Why Are Teenagers Involved? :: essays research papers

Adolescence is much like a midpoint in ones life; when a person is neither a kid nor an adult. At this period, teens have passed the age when they were called kids but are not yet qualified to be adults. Teenagers want to think like adults, behave like adults and also start to view themselves as independent beings in decision making. All this hormonal changes also come with the negativity of maturity such as drugs and alcohol. The statistics below show that the percentage of teenagers using drugs and alcohol in the last decade has increased. Why is this? The answer is that teenagers are under pressure by their peers, mass media and also the influence of parents. 8th-Graders10th-Graders12th-Graders Marijuana22.2%40.9%49.7% Cocaine4.77.79.8 Inhalants15.417.019.7 LSD4.18.512.2 Heroin2.02.32.3 Alcohol52.170.680.0 Cigarettes44.157.664.6 Peer pressure plays a major role in the harmful behavior of teens. Teens who want to fit in among their friends are most especially prone to this. They try to make friends and they get friends as much as possible. Of these friends there are the good ones who give them the knowledge and information you want need or inquire and there are the ones who give them information about not too good things like drug, alcohol, parties, e.t.c. This influential communication between a teen and his/her peer may be directly or indirectly. Directly such as conversations with their friends or indirectly such as listening to classmates discussing of a party which occurred a night before. Then they begin to mention alcohol, drugs and violence obviously from what have experienced they talk about it in a way possible. Then you would like to see how good it is the next weekend you go to that kind of party. If you can not resist such as a temptation you will begin to do harmful deeds that will definitely ha ve adverse results in the future. Let’s not put all the blame on teens and their peers alone. The mass media is also responsible in an understandable way. The media has proven to be a lot damaging than useful in the type of information meant for mature audience but end up with the immature audience. Soap operas and frivolous shows shown on TV contain immoral and untrue images of the world as it is more of the writer’s imagination or the way directors direct them to act. Most teenagers are probably old enough to watch this shows but not mature enough to comprehend with the fictitious nature of movies and soap operas.